Göttingen, Germany – A new study led by scientists from the University of Göttingen has revealed the critical role of shade trees in enhancing the climate resilience of cocoa agroforestry systems in West Africa. The research, published in Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, emphasizes the significance of leaf phenology – the seasonal changes in leaf cycles – in optimizing shade tree selection.
Cocoa, a vital commodity for many West African economies, is increasingly threatened by climate change-induced droughts. Shade trees, long recognized for their ability to mitigate extreme environmental conditions, can play a crucial role in safeguarding cocoa production. However, the choice of shade tree species is paramount.
The study, conducted in Ghana, examined the impact of different shade tree species on microclimate, soil moisture, and cocoa yields. Researchers categorized shade trees into seven functional groups based on their leaf phenology, each with distinct effects on cocoa productivity and environmental stability.
- Deciduous trees: These trees, which shed their leaves entirely during the dry season, were found to be particularly beneficial in maintaining soil moisture, a crucial factor during drought periods.
- Semi-deciduous trees: While these trees also shed their leaves during the dry season, they retain some foliage, offering a balance between shade and water conservation.
- Evergreen trees: These trees retain their leaves year-round, providing consistent shade but potentially increasing competition for water and light.
By understanding the functional traits of different shade tree species, farmers can make informed decisions to select the most suitable trees for their specific agro-ecological conditions. This approach can help to optimize cocoa production, enhance ecosystem services, and build resilience to climate change.
The findings of this study have significant implications for the future of cocoa production in West Africa. By adopting sustainable agroforestry practices and prioritizing the selection of climate-resilient shade trees, farmers can ensure the long-term viability of this vital industry.
